277 research outputs found
Anchoring Temporal Expressions in Scheduling-related Emails
In this paper we adopt a constraint-based representation of time, Time Calculus (TC), for anchoring temporal expressions in a novel genre, emails. Email is sufficiently different from the most studied genre - newswire texts, and its highly under-specified nature fits well with our representation. The evaluation of our anchoring system shows that it performs significantly better than the baseline, and the result compares favorably with some of the closest related work
A Thermodynamic Interpretation of Time for Superstring Rolling Tachyons
Rolling tachyon backgrounds, arising from open strings on unstable branes in
bosonic string theory, can be related to a simple statistical mechanical model
- Coulomb gas of point charges in two dimensions confined to a circle, the
Dyson gas. In this letter we describe a statistical system that is dual to
non-BPS branes in superstring theory. We argue that even though the concept of
time is absent in the statistical dual sitting at equilibrium, the notion of
time can emerge at the large number of particles limit.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, v2: reference added, v3: minor clarification,
version to appear in journa
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How Well Do LSTM Language Models Learn Filler-gap Dependencies?
This paper revisits the question of what LSTMs know about the syntax of filler-gap dependencies in English. One contribution of this paper is to adjust the metrics used by Wilcox et al. 2018 and show that their language models (LMs) learn embedded wh-questions -- a kind of filler-gap dependencies -- better than they originally claimed. Another contribution of this paper is to examine four additional filler-gap dependency constructions to see whether LMs perform equally on all types of filler-gap dependencies. We find that different constructions are learned to different extents, and there is a correlation between performance and frequency of constructions in the Penn Treebank Wall Street Journal corpus
Syntax and Semantics Meet in the "Middle": Probing the Syntax-Semantics Interface of LMs Through Agentivity
Recent advances in large language models have prompted researchers to examine
their abilities across a variety of linguistic tasks, but little has been done
to investigate how models handle the interactions in meaning across words and
larger syntactic forms -- i.e. phenomena at the intersection of syntax and
semantics. We present the semantic notion of agentivity as a case study for
probing such interactions. We created a novel evaluation dataset by utilitizing
the unique linguistic properties of a subset of optionally transitive English
verbs. This dataset was used to prompt varying sizes of three model classes to
see if they are sensitive to agentivity at the lexical level, and if they can
appropriately employ these word-level priors given a specific syntactic
context. Overall, GPT-3 text-davinci-003 performs extremely well across all
experiments, outperforming all other models tested by far. In fact, the results
are even better correlated with human judgements than both syntactic and
semantic corpus statistics. This suggests that LMs may potentially serve as
more useful tools for linguistic annotation, theory testing, and discovery than
select corpora for certain tasks
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Safe Sleep Among Preconception Adolescents​
Introduction–To protect against SUID/SIDS, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released recommendations on creating a safe sleep environment. Studies about teen parents indicate gaps in knowledge regarding infant safe sleep practices, however there are no published studies about adolescents who are preconception. The objective of this stud is to investigate adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding infant safe sleep practices prior to conceiving.
Methods–This was a cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 14-22 years recruited from two outpatient primary care pediatric sites in Southern NJ. Following consent, participants completed a 27-question survey about infant safe sleep practices. For analysis, a knowledge score was calculated on a scale of 1-100% and differences by ethnicity, race, age, gender, and caregiver experience were evaluated.
Results–A total of 147 subjects were enrolled. Forty-three participants (27.9%) self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, 53 (39.0%) as Black or African American, and 65 (47.8%) as Caucasian. The mean knowledge scores were 47.25%, 55%, and 53.33% for Blacks, Caucasians, and other races, respectively (p=.009). There were no significant differences in knowledge scores between gender, age group, Hispanic ethnicity, or caregiver experience. Eighty-two subjects (55%) identified preconception as an ideal time period to learn about safe sleep practices.
Discussion–A significant knowledge gap was observed among subjects, and Black subjects had the lowest knowledge scores. Most adolescents identified preconception as an ideal time period to learn about infant safe sleep practices. Safe sleep promotion may be enhanced through SUID/SIDS education in high schools, or conversations during adolescent well visits
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